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The term Catalan Countries ((カタルーニャ語、バレンシア語:Països Catalans), , ; (スペイン語:Países Catalanes); (フランス語:Pays catalans); (イタリア語:Paesi catalani)) is a direct translation into English of the Catalan term ''Països Catalans'', which refers to the territories where the Catalan language is spoken.〔"( The Catalan Countries )". ''Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana''〕 Among the diverse territories covered by the term, Andorra corresponds to a ''country'' in the sense of ''sovereign state'' whereas the rest of the territories covered are cultural areas or regional subdivisions located in France, Italy and Spain. The ''Països Catalans'' do not have any legal standing, nor is there any universal territorial definition of the scope covered by this concept. It may refer strictly to the territories in which the different varieties of Catalan are traditionally spoken, or it may be extended to the entire political entities in which Catalan has some official status, in spite of the fact that those entities include areas where Catalan is not spoken (the map to the right covers this latter usage). The first mentions of the term date back to the late 19th century, but it never gained currency outside a small circle of Catalan authors until its strictly cultural dimension became increasingly politically charged by the late 1960s and early 1970s, as Francoism began to die out in Spain. Thus, what had remained to date as a cultural term restricted to connoisseurs of Catalan philology rose to prominence and became highly controversial during the Spanish Transition period, most acrimoniously in Valencia during the 1980s. ==Different meanings== ''Països Catalans'' has different meanings depending on the context. These can be roughly classified in two groups: linguistic or political, the political definition of the concept being the widest, since it also encompasses the linguistic side of it. As a linguistic term, ''Països Catalans'' is used in a similar fashion to the English Anglosphere, the French Francophonie, the Portuguese Lusofonia or the Spanish Hispanophone territories. As a political term, it refers to a number of political projects〔Arnau Gonzàlez i Vilalta (2006) (The Catalan Countries Project (1931–1939) ). Department of Contemporany History, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.〕 as advocated by supporters of Catalan independence. These, based on the linguistic fact, argue for the existence of a common national identity that would surpass the limits of each territory covered by this concept and would apply also to the remaining ones. These movements advocate for "political collaboration"〔(Statutes of Valencian Nationalist Bloc ). Bloc.ws. Retrieved on 12 September 2013.〕 amongst these territories. This often stands for their union and political independence.〔(Political project of Republican Left of Catalonia ). Esquerra.cat. Retrieved on 12 September 2013.〕 As a consequence of the opposition these political projects have received –notably in some of the territories described by this concept〔(El Gobierno valenciano, indignado por la pancarta de 'països catalans' exhibida en el Camp Nou – españa – ). Elmundo.es (24 October 2005). Retrieved on 12 September 2013.〕 – some cultural institutions avoid the usage of ''Països Catalans'' in some contexts, as a means to prevent any political interpretation; in these cases, equivalent expressions (such as ''Catalan-speaking countries'') or others (such as ''the linguistic domain of Catalan language'') are used instead.〔(Catalan, the language of eleven million Europeans ). Ramon Llull Institute〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Països Catalans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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